Resilience in the Face of Psychiatric Morbidity Among COVID-19 Patients

Objective: To study the effects of COVID-related psychiatric morbidity on the psychological resilience of male patients. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital (PEMH), Rawalpindi and PNS Shifa, Karachi Pakistan from Apr to Jul 2020. Methodology: One hundred and thirteen male patients filled out the depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21) on day zero and the Connor-Davidson resilience scale (CDRS) on day 180. Mean values were calculated for each component of DASS-21 and resilience. Pearson correlation was applied to establish statistical significance. Results: The mean values were highest for stress (2.65±4.52), followed by depression (2.02±5.28) and then anxiety (3.63±5.96). The mean resilience was found to be 72.4±14.2. There was a significant negative correlation between each of the three measurements of DASS-21 and its total value with resilience (p<0.01). All three aspects of DASS-21 increased with age [depression {r(111)= 0.33, p<0.01}, anxiety {r(111)= 0.39, p<0.01} and stress {r(111)= 0.30, p<0.01}]. Conclusion: Resilience among hospitalized COVID-19-positive patients is reduced compared to the normal population. As depression, stress and anxiety increase, resilience decreases proportionately.

Factors Associated with Psychiatric Morbidity among Patients who tested Positive and Isolated for COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objective: To look for the psychiatric morbidity and associated socio-demographic factors among patients who tested positive and isolated for COVID-19. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Malir Pakistan, from Mar to May 2020. Methodology: All patients who tested positive for COVID-19 and were admitted to the COVID-19 Ward without complications were included in the study. General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) was administered to look for the presence of psychiatric morbidity. Results: Out of 61 patients included in the study, 45(73.7%) showed the presence of psychiatric morbidity, while 16(26.3%) did not show psychiatric morbidity when screened with GHQ-12. 43(70.4%) were male, while 18(29.6%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 35.21±2.355 years. The advanced age and female gender have a statistically significant relationship (p-value<0.05) with the presence of psychiatric morbidity among patients of COVID-19. Conclusion: Many patients had psychiatric morbidity after being tested positive for COVID-19 and were isolated in the health facility. Female patients and patients aged more than 40 years were found to be more at risk of developing psychiatric morbidity among the patients admitted to COVID-19 ward.

Assessment of Psychiatric Morbidity In Healthcare Professionals Working In A Covid Hospital In West Bengal During Covid-19 Pandemic

Introduction: Pandemic, being unprecedented, leads to several mental health problems, especially among the front-line healthcare professionals (HCP). Front-line HCPs often suffer from anxiety, depression, burnout, insomnia and stress-related disorders. This is mediated by different biopsychological vulnerabilities of the individuals;socio-environmental factors such as the risk of exposure to infection, availability of personal protective equipment, psychological impact of the isolation/quarantine and interpersonal distancing also play the major roles. Aim(s): This study aimed to investigate the Psychiatric Morbidity in different Healthcare professionals (HCPs) and to observe any changes that occurred in this COVID pandemic situation. Material(s) and Method(s): The present study was a Hospital based Cross-sectional observational study, conducted over 1.5 years at College of Medicine and Sagore Dutta Hospital, Kamarhati. 126 HCPs (Consultants, Senior Resident, junior residents, Interns, Nurses, Paramedical Staffs, Non-Clinical staffs) were included in this study. Bengali version of Self Rated Questionnaire (SRQ-24) was used to assess the psychiatric morbidity. Result(s): In our study 61.9% HCPs were having Psychiatric Morbidity and 38.1% were not having Psychiatric morbidity. Among Consultants 30.2% had psychiatric morbidity, among Senior Residents 40%, in Junior Residents 52.9%, among Interns 50%, among Nurse 77.8% and in Non-Clinical Stuffs 69.6% and in Paramedical Stuffs 75% had psychiatric morbidity. Conclusion(s): Healthcare professionals had to do their duty in many adverse situations in COVID pandemic. They had to face tremendous mental and physical pressure and frequently they became exhausted. In spite this they did duty properly and saved millions of lives. So, their mental health should be assessed and proper intervention should be taken.

Factors Associated with Psychiatric Morbidity among Patients who tested Positive and Isolated for COVID-19

Objective: To look for the psychiatric morbidity and associated socio-demographic factors among patients who tested positive and isolated for COVID-19. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Malir Pakistan, from Mar to May 2020. Methodology: All patients who tested positive for COVID-19 and were admitted to the COVID-19 Ward without complications were included in the study. General Health Questionnaire-12 (GHQ-12) was administered to look for the presence of psychiatric morbidity. Results: Out of 61 patients included in the study, 45(73.7%) showed the presence of psychiatric morbidity, while 16(26.3%) did not show psychiatric morbidity when screened with GHQ-12. 43(70.4%) were male, while 18(29.6%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 35.21±2.355 years. The advanced age and female gender have a statistically significant relationship (pvalue<0.05) with the presence of psychiatric morbidity among patients of COVID-19. Conclusion: Many patients had psychiatric morbidity after being tested positive for COVID-19 and were isolated in the health facility. Female patients and patients aged more than 40 years were found to be more at risk of developing psychiatric morbidity among the patients admitted to COVID-19 ward. © 2022, Army Medical College. All rights reserved.

Acute Period Psychiatric Effects of COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients: A Retrospective Investigation.

Although it is known that COVID-19 has a serious impact on mental health, there are few studies on the acute period complications in hospitalized patients. In this study, it has been aimed to evaluate the reason for asking for consultation, prevalence of psychiatric disease and recommended psychiatric interventions, in COVID-19 infected patients who were consulted to consultation liaison psychiatry. This study has been conducted by retrospectively examining the psychiatric consultation reports of 138 patients who were hospitalized for COVID-19 in a university hospital in Turkey between March 2020 and October 2021. Patients' data were obtained from electronic medical records. According to the results of the analysis, the reasons for requesting a consultation were insomnia (26.22%), anxiety/fear of death (20.76%), agitation (17.48%), and hallucinations/fluctuation in consciousness (11.47%), respectively. The most common psychiatric diagnoses were delirium and sleep disorders (22.5%), these were followed respectively by adjustment disorder (11.6%), anxiety (10.9%) and depression (3.6%). Medical treatment was recommended for 85.5% of the patients, and haloperidol was the most frequently recommended agent. 44.1% of the patients treated in the intensive care unit were diagnosed with delirium and their age was higher. Advanced age caused an increase in delirium and death rates. These findings indicate that psychiatric morbidities and delirium are common among COVID-19 patients, and the need for consultation-liaison services may increase during the pandemic. (English) [ FROM AUTHOR] COVID-19'un ruh sağlığında ciddi etkilenme yarattığı bilinmesine rağmen, yatarak tedavi gören hastalardaki akut dönem komplikasyonlar hakkında az sayıda araştırma vardır. Bu çalışmada, konsültasyon liyezon psikiyatrisine danışılan COVID-19 enfekte hastalarda konsültasyon istenme nedeni, psikiyatrik hastalık yaygınlığı ve önerilen psikiyatrik müdahalelerin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma, Türkiye'de bir üniversite hastanesinde, Mart 2020-Ekim 2021 tarihleri arasında, COVID-19 nedeniyle yatarak tedavi gören 138 hastaya ait psikiyatrik konsültasyon raporlarının geriye doğru incelenmesiyle yürütülmüştür. Hastalara ait veriler elektronik tıbbi kayıtlardan elde edilmiştir. Yapılan analiz sonuçlarına göre, konsültasyon istenme nedenleri sırasıyla uykusuzluk (%26.22), kaygı/ölüm korkusu (%20.76), ajitasyon (%17.48) ve halüsinasyon/bilinçte dalgalanma (%11.47) idi. En sık konulan psikiyatrik tanılar deliryum ve uyku bozuklukları (%22.5) idi, bunları sırasıyla uyum bozukluğu (%11.6), anksiyete (%10.9) ve depresyon (%3.6) izliyordu. Hastaların % 85.5'ine medikal tedavi önerilmişti ve haloperidol en sık önerilen ajandı. Yoğun bakımda tedavi gören hastaların %44.1'i deliryum tanısı almıştı ve bunların yaşları daha yüksekti. Íleri yaş, deliryum ve ölüm oranlarında artışa neden olmuştu. Bu bulgular, COVID-19 hastaları arasında psikiyatrik morbiditelerin ve deliryumun yaygın olduğuna, pandemisi sırasında konsültasyon-liyezon hizmetlerine olan ihtiyacın artabileceğine işaret etmektedir. (Turkish) [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Inonu University Health Services Vocational School is the property of Inonu Universitesi Saglik Hizmetleri Meslek Yuksekokulu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

Evaluation of Psychiatric Morbidity in COVID-19-Positive Inpatients Referred to Consultation Liaison Psychiatry in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to the risk of common mental illnesses. Consultation liaison psychiatry has been one of the most requested services in the face of this pandemic. We aimed to assess (a) the prevalence of psychiatric illness, (b) different types of psychiatric diagnoses, (c) presenting complaints, (d) reasons for psychiatric referrals, and (e) psychiatric intervention done on COVID-19 positive inpatients referred to consultation liaison psychiatry at tertiary care hospital. METHOD: This was a retrospective study of data collected from April 1, 2020, to September 15, 2020. Total 300 patients were referred and diagnosed with clinical interview and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorder Fifth Edition criteria. Analysis was done using chi-square test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and fisher exact test. RESULTS: Out of 300 patients, 26.7% had no psychiatric illness. Adjustment disorder was the commonest psychiatric diagnosis (43%), followed by delirium (10%). Statistically significant differences were found for parameters like Indian Council of Medical Research Category 4 of the patient, (hospitalized severe acute respiratory infection) (P value < 0.001), medical comorbidity (P value = 0.023), and past history of psychiatric consultation (Fisher exact test statistic value <0.001). Behavioral problem (27.6%) was the commonest reason for psychiatric referral. Worrying thoughts (23.3%) was the most frequent complaint. A total of 192 (64.3%) patients were offered pharmacotherapy. CONCLUSIONS: Psychiatric morbidity was quite high (73.3%) among them and adjustment disorder was the commonest (43%) psychiatric diagnosis followed by delirium (10%). Pharmacotherapy was prescribed to 64.3% patients and psychosocial management was offered to most of the referred patients.

Exploring cyberchondria and its associations in dental students amid COVID-19 infodemic.

BACKGROUND: Adverse psychological effect of pandemic includes not only increased levels of stress, anxiety, and depression but also cyberchondria - the problematic online health research behavior. It is thought that the distress and uncertainty of pandemic clubbed with information overload and its ambiguity have paved the way for cyberchondria. Students being the vulnerable population, the present study was an effort at understanding cyberchondria in students. AIM: The aim of the study is to assess cyberchondria and its association with depression, anxiety, stress, and quality of life (QOL) in dental students during the pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An online questionnaire-based survey was carried out on dental students. The survey tool comprised a semi-structured pro forma, General Health Questionnaire-12, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale 21, Cyberchondria Severity Scale 15, and European Health Interview Survey QOL 8. RESULTS: The study revealed that 98.7% of the students were affected by one of the constructs of cyberchondria, viz., "excessiveness" (93.7%), followed by "distress" (84.3%) and "reassurance"-seeking behavior (83.7%). Cyberchondria affected girls more than boys and shared robust positive correlation with depression, anxiety, and stress but not QOL. Factors such as stress, anxiety, QOL, and changes in appetite were associated with higher severity of depression. Family financial losses, preexisting psychiatric illness, and media adverse effect shared robust positive associations with severity of depression, anxiety, and stress and an inverse association with QOL. 76.0% of the students expressed excessive worries regarding missing out on clinical exposure, and nearly half of the students were dissatisfied with eLearning. 78.3% of the students experienced changes in sleep; 68.7% had changes in appetite; and 89.0% reported reduction in the level of physical activity. CONCLUSION: Cyberchondria is affecting the large majority of students. Educational institutions must put efforts to sensitize students about cyberchondria.

COVID-19 pandemic and its aftermath: Knowledge, attitude, behavior, and mental health-care needs of medical undergraduates.

BACKGROUND: The undeniable impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the educational sector has left the students perplexed and uncertain. Infection-related fears, inevitable loneliness, disturbed routine making way for adverse lifestyle habits, stressors such as financial crisis faced by their families, and many more further accentuate their vulnerability to mental health issues. AIM: The aim was to assess the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of medical undergraduate students about the COVID-19 outbreak, and to assess their stress, anxiety, depression, and quality of life (QOL). The study also explored the correlation between the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of the medical undergraduate students about the pandemic and their mental health issues. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An online questionnaire-based survey was carried out on medical undergraduate students. The survey tool comprised a semi-structured proforma; General Health Questionnaire-12 items; Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale-21 items; and European Health Interview Survey-Quality of Life-8 items. RESULTS: Nearly 61.8% of the students seemed well read and had good knowledge about the medical aspects of the pressing issue of COVID-19, and majority of the students had adaptive attitudes and behaviors toward the pandemic. Almost 23.2% of the students had depression, 20.7% had anxiety, and 13.0% had stress ranging from mild to extremely severe. Nearly 75.1% of the students experienced changes in appetite and 53.6% had changes in appetite. Nearly half of the students expressed excessive worries regarding studies. The mean score of QOL of students was 3.9 ± 0.6. Students with adaptive attitudes and behavior experienced relatively less severe depression, anxiety, and stress compared to their counterparts. CONCLUSION: A significant portion of the medical undergraduates are experiencing mental health issues and study related concerns due to the adversity brought by the pandemic. The concerned educational bodies and institutes must take up necessary steps to mitigate the adverse effects of the pandemic on students.

No psychological vaccination: Vaccine hesitancy is associated with negative psychiatric outcomes among Israelis who received COVID-19 vaccination.

BACKGROUND: The widespread COVID-19 vaccination program, issued by the Israel Government, provides a unique opportunity to examine psychiatric morbidity and vaccine attitudes among individuals who have already been vaccinated. Accordingly, the current study examined how vaccine hesitancy contributes to clinical levels of depression, anxiety, and peritraumatic stress among individuals who had received COVID-19 vaccinations. METHODS: We analyzed data obtained from 254 vaccinated individuals, and assessed vaccine hesitancy, depression, anxiety, and peritraumatic distress, as well as several demographic, health, and COVID-19-related factors. RESULTS: Logistic regressions demonstrated that above and beyond socio-demographic, health, and COVID-19-related factors, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was the most prominent risk factor for anxiety, depression, and peritraumatic distress. Higher levels of vaccine hesitancy were found to double the risk for depression and peritraumatic stress (ORs > 2), and to triple the risk for anxiety (OR > 3). LIMITATIONS: A cross-sectional design; a preliminary study requiring further investigation CONCLUSIONS: This study points to the importance of vaccine hesitancy among vaccinated populations and provides knowledge regarding its associations with negative psychiatric outcomes. These findings may offer important information for healthcare practitioners and policy makers in their attempt to encourage individuals to receive COVID-19 vaccinations and emphasize the need to further understand the underlying mechanisms of psychiatric morbidity among vaccinated individuals.

Psychiatric morbidity and substance use in migrant workers: A population based study.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of mental health problems and substance abuse in the migrant population is higher than the general population. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence and pattern of mental health issues and substance use in the migrant population and highlight the association with the reverse migration of migrant workers. METHODOLOGY: The field staff visited the shelter homes for migrant population in four cities of Northern India (Chandigarh (UT), Bhatinda (Punjab), Panchkula (Haryana) and Jaipur (Rajasthan). After maintaining the social distance and wearing masks by the staff and migrants, written informed consent was taken for participation in the study. The socio-demographic details of reverse migrants were noted down and Hindi version of Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for mental health problems and screening tool for pattern of substance abuse was administered. Geographically matched undisplaced were also administered these tools. RESULTS: A total of 275 reverse migrants and 276 undisplaced were included in the study. The prevalence of ever use for all the substances among reverse migrants was 44.4% (122/275) and among undisplaced, it was 45.3%. The prevalence of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis was higher than the general population. The prevalence of at least one diagnosis on PHQ-9 is 13.45% (reverse migrants 19.3% and undisplaced 7.6) and the prevalence of other depressive disorder is significantly higher in reverse migrants (17.1%) than undisplaced (4.0%). CONCLUSION: The study concludes that prevalence of mental health issues and substance abuse in migrant population is significantly higher than the general population and the prevalence of at least one diagnosis and other depressive disorder is significantly higher in reverse migrants than undisplaced.

Short-term neuropsychiatric outcomes and quality of life in COVID-19 survivors.

BACKGROUND: The general medical impacts of coronavirus (COVID-19) are increasingly appreciated. However, its impact on neurocognitive, psychiatric health and quality of life (QoL) in survivors after the acute phase is poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate neurocognitive function, psychiatric symptoms and QoL in COVID-19 survivors shortly after hospital discharge. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional analysis of a prospective study of hospitalized COVID-19 survivors followed up for 2 months after discharge. A battery of standardized instruments evaluating neurocognitive function, psychiatric morbidity and QoL (mental and physical components) was administered by telephone. RESULTS: Of the 229 screened patients, 179 were included in the final analysis. Amongst survivors, the prevalence of moderately impaired immediate verbal memory and learning was 38%, delayed verbal memory (11.8%), verbal fluency (34.6%) and working memory (executive function) (6.1%), respectively. Moreover, 58.7% of patients had neurocognitive impairment in at least one function. Rates of positive screening for anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder were 29.6%, 26.8% and 25.1%, respectively. In addition, 39.1% of the patients had psychiatric morbidity. Low QoL for physical and mental components was detected in 44.1% and 39.1% of patients respectively. Delirium and psychiatric morbidity were associated with neurocognitive impairment, and female gender was related with psychiatric morbidity. CONCLUSION: Hospitalized COVID-19 survivors showed a considerable prevalence of neurocognitive impairment, psychiatric morbidity and poor QoL in the short term. It is uncertain if these impacts persist over the long term.